1. The Early Days of the Internet (1990s)
Initially, there were no specific legal regulations governing internet activities in Indonesia the Telecommunications Law (Law No. 36 of 1999)—which originally regulated telephone and radio communications—was used to oversee internet networks.
2. The Enactment of the ITE Law (2008)
Due to the growing number of internet users, Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (the ITE Law) was enacted in 2008.
This law regulated online shopping and data security while prohibiting cybercrimes such as hacking and the dissemination of fake news (hoaxes).
However, its implementation sparked public concern, notably exemplified by the "Prita case" and the "Coins for Prita" movement. Law No. 11 of 2008 has undergone two amendments:
1. Law No. 19 of 2016 (the first amendment)
2. Law No. 1 of 2024 (the second amendment).
3. Personal Data Protection (2022 – Present)
In 2022, Law No. 27 of 2022 concerning Personal Data Protection was enacted to ensure that applications and websites safeguard the confidentiality of users' sensitive information, such as full names, addresses, and telephone numbers.
